Research article open access stone formation in peach. Prunus amygdalus batsch, which belong to the rosaceae family that also includes apples, pears, prunes. Peach is widely thought to have origins in china, but its. A complete and hardened endocarp is a typical trait of drupe fruits.
Evolution and phylogenetic importance of endocarp and seed characters in viburnum adoxaceae authors. Cell level processes have been commonly studied and it has well known about the correlation between cell number and fruit size in. Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its part that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to. We investigated the genetic variation within and between eight autochthonous flemish prunus spinosa populations and assessed their potential as seed source for gene. Pdf chemical and morphological properties of apricot.
Here, a detailed study of endocarp dimension and shape variation for taxa of prunus section prunus is presented. Comparative transcriptome profiling and morphology provide. Ingram 1948 divided the subgenus cerasus into eight. However, the liehe le apricot cultivar has a thin, soft, cleavable endocarp that represents 60. The traditional basis for classification of the family is the morphology and anatomy of the fruit. Vegetative morphology of flowering plants nodes woody. A manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in north america. Peach prunus persica is an important economically temperate fruit. Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its part that results from natural selection and. Drupe of prunus type drupa prunus typi, figures 8082, 93 and 95, sclerenchymatous layer is localized figures 6373.
The intraindividual and intraspecific variation of prunus endocarps was. Cell level processes have been commonly studied and it has well known about the. The present study represent the first attempt to investigate the morphology and morphometry of plum endocarps in order to characterize the. Two populations, def and wes, were characterized by a dominant presence of sloe, high genetic differentiation from all other populations and low withinpopulation diversities. Agromorphological characterization of traditional spanish. We studied variance, genetic control and spatial phenotypic plasticity of morphological and phenological traits in p. Endocarp morphology is informative for the recognition of genera in the anacardiaceae, so the recovery of fossil endocarps can provide insight into the evolution and biogeographic. Almond shell is the name given to the ligneous material forming the thick endocarp or husk of the almond fruit. She called this peripheral layer, containing several rows of cells next to the mesocarp parenchyma, the transition zone and the cells creating it the transition sclereid cells. Applying the terminology of fruit morphology, we could describe the specimen as follows from the center.
The study of various external features of the organism is known as morphology. Identification key for aspergillus species isolated from. Almonds and peaches are among the most economically important fruit crops in subtropical and temperate regions. Methods the sample size necessary to obtain an estimation of the population mean with a precision of 5 % was determined by iteration.
The peach fruit is a drupe stone fruit consisting of a fleshy mesocarp surrounding a stone or pyrene hard endocarp containing a seed. Peach prunus persica, rosaceae is an extremely popular tree fruit worldwide, with an annual production near 20 million tons. Floral cup abscission process was reported by robbins and ramaley 1933, lott and simons 1964, 1968 in different cv. Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes the fruits plums, cherries, peaches. Knowledge of the degree of variability within and between species is a sine qua non for taxonomists. The sample size necessary to obtain an estimation of the population mean with a. Prunus were either based on one or a few morphological characters, such as in. A comparative study of morphological and molecular. Morphological variation among taxa was assessed using univariate. Mar 17, 2009 multivariate analysis of both endocarp and leaf morphometrics is combined with cluster analysis and bayesian inference of aflp markers to assess the morphologic and genetic variation of five european members of prunus section prunus p. Endocarp morphometrics separate most prunus taxa studied, but overlap remains between.
Cellular morphology of fleshy mesocarp can further be defined by its cell number and cell size zhang et al. The morphology 6369 and anatomy ts of the pericarp, 7073 of nutlets. Stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in prunus section prunus leander depypere1, peter chaerle1, kristine vander mijnsbrugge2 and paul goetghebeur1 1ghent university, department of biology, research group spermatophytes, k. Research article open access stone formation in peach fruit. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind the le apricot phenotype, comparative. As climate change may augment hybridization processes in the future, a hybrid origin is. This is evident by the tremendous variation in flowering and fruiting structures present both across and within different plant lineages.
Revision of icacinaceae from the early eocene london clay. Identification of prunus groups at subspecies or variety level is complicated by the wide range of variation and morphological transitional states. Morphogenesis of fruits and types of fruit of angiosperms. Nov 26, 2015 peach prunus persica, rosaceae is an extremely popular tree fruit worldwide, with an annual production near 20 million tons. Prunus species are included in the tasmanian fire services list of low flammability plants, indicating that it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone. The genus cornus encompasses a wide range of attractive wild taxa, often used as ornamental plants in landscaping.
Bernstein 1966 concentrated only on the seedcoat of some prunus species. Evolution and phylogenetic importance of endocarp and seed characters in viburnum adoxaceae bart jacobs,1, michael j. Stems are the basic organs, as they give rise to other plant organs, such as roots, leaves, and flowers. Results endocarp characters prove to be important to distinguish species of african celtis in ulmaceaeceltidaceae. Pdf stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in prunus. Comparative transcriptome profiling and morphology provide insights into endocarp cleaving of apricot cultivar prunus armeniaca l. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 680349 bytes. Keywords cherry morphology cherry synonymies endangered varieties prunus avium prunus cerasus introduction sour cherry prunus cerasus l. Prunus species are included in the tasmanian fire services list of low flammability plants, indicating that it is. Endocarp hardening is a significant trait of fruit matures of any types of drupes, which caused by the secondary wall formation and lignin deposition. Pdf stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in.
The pericarp anatomy of representatives of all subgenera and sections of. Prunus morphology fig 1 external endocarp seed fig 2 embryo 1. Endocarp definition of endocarp by the free dictionary. To reduce the difference in ploidy between these species and with the expectation of successful hybridization, an experiment was performed to double the chromosome. Lignification of the fruit endocarp layer occurs in many angiosperms and plays a critical role in seed protection and dispersal. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer typically edible is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seed to protect it in environments apart from the parent plant. The stones began to substantially harden by 59 dab after which time they could no longer be cut with a knife. Morphology and physicochemical properties of 40 genotypes of. Xiao zhang1,2, lijie zhang3, qiuping zhang1,2, jiayu xu1, weisheng liu2 and wenxuan dong1 abstract background. In morphological terms, the apricot fruit endocarp has not been found to be suitable for paper manufacturing but it can be used for board.
Evolution and phylogenetic importance of endocarp and seed. Morphology and physicochemical properties of 40 genotypes of almond amygdalus communis l. Pdf chemical and morphological properties of apricot wood. Phylogenetic analysis of morphology in prunus reveals. She called this peripheral layer, containing several rows of cells next to the mesocarp parenchyma, the transition zone and the cells creating it. Frontiers variance, genetic control, and spatial phenotypic. Ort cience in vivo chromosome doubling of prunus lusitanica. Ledeganckstraat 35, b9000 gent, belgium and 2research institute for nature and forest, scienti. Prunus is a large and economically important genus with considerable morphological variation. Morphology and physicochemical properties of 40 genotypes. Botanically, a fruit develops from a ripe ovary or any floral parts on the basis of floral parts they develop, fruits may be true or false. In chapter s 2 and 3, we talked about classification of plants based on morphological and other characteristics. Stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in prunus. No obvious morphometric variability of leaves could be related to these genetically deviating populations, however, wes showed a deviating endocarp morphology.
Morphology and anatomy of blackberry pyrenes rubus l. Seed sourcing on a local scale is an emerging awareness among nature conservationists. Flowering nectaries were described by peter 1975, morphological composition of the nectariferous area of prunus armeniaca by szujkolacza 1982. Endocarp morphology of african celtis 391 microscope. Morphological characterization of sweet and sour cherry. Colonies of 14 aspergillus were sub cultured onto aspergillus flavus parasiticus agar as described by 15, and incubated in the dark at 28c for. The aim of this investigation was to highlight the quantitative and qualitative diversity within endocarp morphological traits apparent among 15 cornus species representing different geographical and phylogenetic groups. The endocarp structure of rosa achenes resembles the drupe of the genus prunus s. Guidelines should be tuned for woody species in highly anthropogenic landscapes such as flanders belgium.
The fleshy mesocarp surrounding the endocarp pit or stone is edible. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer typically edible is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seed to protect it in environments apart from the parent plant in some fruits, the edible portion is not. Multivariate analysis of both endocarp and leaf morphometrics is combined with cluster analysis and bayesian inference of aflp markers to assess the morphologic and genetic variation of five european members of prunus section prunus p. Shrubs with larger organs occur often and are considered either as large fruited forms of p. This process has been extensively studied with relationship to pod shatter or dehiscence. Endocarps are elliptical or ovoid in lateral view, with a long canal that approaches the. Chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants morphology.
Jun 25, 2014 plant evolution is largely driven by adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies that allow diversification into new niches. Sterling 1964 studied the carpels of prunus species. Donoghue, ferry bouman, suzy huysmans, and erik smets. A comparative study of morphological and molecular diversity analysis among cultivated almonds prunus dulcis s. These are known primarily from external morphology and not anatomical structure. The evolution of vegetative and reproductive characters are examined here by parsimony reconstruction on trees obtained from data of its, trnltrnf, trnstrng, and 25 morphological characters of 37 species of prunus and representatives of eight other genera of rosaceae. Mesocarp definition of mesocarp by the free dictionary. Manual of cultivated broadleaved trees and shrubs, vol. Cells of the endocarp and mesocarp are thickwalled. Abstract endocarps of the genus prunus family rosaceae have been described from early eocene clay deposits in the wutu coal mine, shandong province, china. All photomicrographs were taken at the department of plant cytology and morphology, sem laboratory, wageningen university, the netherlands.
Questions regarding the origin and domestication of the crop species, interspecific relationships, and evolutionary patterns of fruits have remained unanswered due to the lack of phylogenetic data of prunus subgenus amygdalus, in which both almond and peach are classified. Within a single plant family a staggering variety of fruit types can be found such as fleshy fruits including berries. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in prunus section. The hardened endocarp has a vital role in seed protection and dispersal in some important economic fruits, such as peach, apricot, plum, almond, cherry, mango, olive, and coffee. Prunus spinosa is a highly esteemed shrub in forest and landscape plantings. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 680349 bytes article sharing.
The only exception is rosa rugosa mesocarp, which is composed of rather thinwalled cells with a large lumen. We present a systematic revision of icacinaceae from the flora of the london clay based on examinations of new microct images of 21 out of 27 of the previously recognized fossil species mostly focused on their holotypes in the context of new information on fruit morphology across all modern and fossil genera of the family. Prunus lusitanica 2n 8x and prunus laurocerasus 2n 22x are evergreen woody shrubs commonly used in landscapes across the united states and europe. Among these,prunus species including cherry prunus cerasus p. Apr 11, 2017 a complete and hardened endocarp is a typical trait of drupe fruits. Genetic and morphological variability among autochthonous. The record of prunus endocarps continues on into the late paleogene and neogene with a range of endocarp types from europe dorofeev 1963. Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological. The flora of china notes that the ancestor is extinct 17. In reeves detailed studies of rubus endocarp during ontogenesis l. Agromorphological characterization of traditional spanish sweet cherry prunus avium l. Little or no staining was observed in tissues other than the endocarp with the exception of scattered small vascular elements in the mesocarp and trichomes present on the fruit. For a common man fruit means a sweet, juicy or pulpy, coloured, aromatic structure that encloses seeds. Chemical and morphological properties of apricot wood prunus.
Endocarp surface morphology was revealed by boiling the dried fruits in water and physically removing the rehydrated exocarp andor mesocarp by hand. Prunus species are food plants for the larvae of a large number of lepidoptera species butterflies and moths. For any successful attempt at classification and at understanding any higher plant or for that. Vegetative morphology of flowering plants stems, roots, and leaves are the vegetative parts of vascular plants. For any successful attempt at classification and at. Both aerial and subterranean stems are divided into nodes the places where leaves. Plant evolution is largely driven by adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies that allow diversification into new niches. Pdf this study examined some of the chemical and morphological properties of apricot wood prunus armeniaca l. Pdf phenotypic identification of plum varieties prunus domestica. Amygdalus rosaceae based on dna sequences and morphology, plant systematics and evolution on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The intraindividual and intraspecific variation of prunus endocarps was studied by ana lysing the.
1152 424 1022 991 1385 1543 1215 1231 1610 1421 971 950 1260 199 1582 1429 1335 19 1611 931 684 453 1553 955 988 86 67 130 1424 65 702 258 271 1429 925 1200 76 185 331 478 781 1121 1220 450 786